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战斗力 鹅
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注册时间 2011-9-27
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本帖最后由 小仓我爱你 于 2019-6-5 00:10 编辑
前情提要：https://bbs.saraba1st.com/2b/thread-1813613-1-1.html
目前为止有 17 个国家和 14 个组织对该修正草案提交了意见（参见联合国人权高专办网站），其中只有美国、日本和奥地利在某种程度上对此表达了反对意见。
美方的立场（第 64 段）：
In the United States, federal law states that it is illegal to create, own, or distribute a visual representation of any kind, including a drawing, cartoon, sculpture or painting depicting a minor involved in sexually explicit conduct that is obscene. However, visual representations (CGI, anime, etc.) where there is no "real" child are typically protected by the First Amendment (unless visual representations are obscene) and by US obligations under the ICCPR. We urge you to edit the paragraph as follows: "... urges States parties to prohibit by law, in accordance with their national legal systems, child sexual abuse material in any form .... including when this material represents realistic depictions of non-existent children.
合众国的联邦法律认定，创作、拥有或分发任何形式的含有未成年人明确以淫秽的性行为参与的影像作品（包括素描、动画、雕塑、绘图等）是非法的。然而，不含有「现实」儿童的视觉表现作品（例如电脑绘图、日本动画等）在不被界定为淫秽的情况下特别受到宪法第一修正案，以及美国对《公民及政治权利国际公约》的义务所保护。我们强烈要求修改「……要求参与国家以适应本国的立法方式将任何形式的儿童色情作品界定为非法……包括虚构儿童的拟真描述」一句。
日本的立场（第二页第 14 段）：
"14. Japan believes that the restriction on freedom of expression should be kept to a minimum and that a highly careful consideration needs to be given to the scope of child pornography. Considering that pornography is traditionally called visually recognizable objects, whether through audio representations or written materials, it must be carefully considered. Japan therefore proposes to exclude "audio representations" and "written or printed materials" from the third sentence of paragraph 61. "Furthermore, for the reasons explained above, whether criminal penalties should be imposed, even if the case involves pornography of a non-existent child, it needs to be carefully considered. Japan proposes to add "to the extent that it represents an existing child" at the end of paragraph 61. [...] "
14. 日本认为对表达自由的限制必须尽可能维持在最小限度，特别在儿童色情方面的界定必须万分谨慎。考虑到色情制品传统上为视觉上可识别的物品，在将该定义延申至音频表现或文字材料时必须谨慎估量。日本提议将「音频表现」和「写作及印刷材料」从第 61 段的第三句定义中排除。此外，由于上述理由，在非现实儿童参与的色情制品上是否适用形势惩戒也应谨慎考量。日本提议在第 61 节末尾添加「仅在其表现一位现实儿童的情况下」一句。
奥地利的立场：
"According to the Committee's proposal, drawings and cartoons may be considered as child pornography within the meaning of Article 2 letter c of the OPSC. In this context, we would like to point out that the definition of child pornography in the latest EU Directive 2011/93 / EU 1. representations of a real child (Article 2 letter c (i) and (ii) 1. representations of any person who appears to be a child (Article 2 letter c (iii) 2. realistic images of a child (Article 2 letter c (iv). "As far as drawings and cartoons do not contain realistic images, we do not see the need to treat them as child pornography."
根据委员会的提议，绘图和动画可能会被界定为 OPSC 第 2 章 C 小节所定义的儿童色情作品。对次，我们要指出根据最新的欧盟指示 2011/93/EU，儿童色情中儿童象征的定义为「1. 对一位现实儿童的描述、2. 对如何被看作儿童的个人的描述、2. 儿童的现实图像」。只要此等绘图和动画中不包含现实图像，我们认为不应将此视作儿童色情。
另，赞同联合国儿童权力委员会修订意见的战犯国名单：
白罗斯
捷克共和国
德国
圣座
洪都拉斯
爱尔兰
意大利
毛里求斯
墨西哥
荷兰
菲律宾
波兰
瑞士
泰国
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 |
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发表于 2019-6-5 00:07
这事怎么又重提了？感觉多半成不了